Help Your Child Avoid the Health Risks of Obesity

Helping kids stay active and eat healthy foods isn’t easy. But it’s important: Early extra pounds often start children on the path to future health problems.

Overweight children can also have health issues while they’re still young that were once thought of as adult problems, like Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Childhood obesity can lead to other harmful issues, like depression and low self-esteem.

Childhood obesity affects 1 in 5 children. But all children are at risk for gaining more weight than what is considered healthy, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Encouraging your kids to eat healthy foods and stay active can help. It’s important to make both a priority from an early age. And be sure your child gets enough sleep. Too little sleep may raise the risk of obesity.

Help Make Healthy Eating a Lifelong Habit

One of the most important things you can do is set a good example. Make healthy eating a part of everyday life for everyone in the family. Everyone will benefit.

It’s also important to make healthy eating easy. Have healthy snacks on hand. Try popcorn without butter, fruits, low-fat yogurt, cut vegetables with hummus or whole-grain cereal with low-fat milk. And don’t keep unhealthy snacks around the house. Again, everyone in the family will benefit.

Some other tips:

• Limit sugar. The latest dietary recommendations  call for children under age two to eat no added sugar. For kids over 2, limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of their calories for the day.
• Offer new foods to try. It may take time before your child likes new things, so don’t give up too soon.
• Choose nonfood rewards. Skip giving candy or other sugary treats for good behavior.

Add More Action

How much activity children need depends on their age. Preschool children should be active throughout their day. Encourage play activities that get them up and running around.

School-age children (6 to 17) should aim for at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity activity each day. A good game plan is a mix of activities. Three types of physical activity should be included each week. 

1. Aerobic Activity
   Make the most of those 60 minutes with aerobic activities each day. Encourage walking, running, biking, jumping rope or anything that makes them breathe hard and their hearts beat faster.

2. Muscle-Strengthening
   Include muscle-strengthening activities, like climbing or doing push-ups, at least three days per week. These activities are part of your child’s daily 60 minutes.

3. Bone-Strengthening
   Aim to work in bone-strengthening activities, like running or jumping, at least three days per week. These activities are also part of the daily 60 minutes.

It’s important to make being active a part of their everyday life. The CDC suggests that you:

• Start early. Young children love to play and be active. 
• Set a good example. What your kids see you doing has a big impact.
• Add activity to your family’s daily routine. Try family walks or playing active games.
• Provide equipment that encourages physical activity.
• Take kids to parks where they can run and play.
• Be supportive when your child is active. And rally them to try new activities.
• Make workouts fun. Have kids try team or single sports. Even walking or running or riding a bike can be more fun if they do it with you or their friends.

Whatever activities they do, keep your kids safe. Make sure they wear helmets or other needed safety gear.

You can also help kids avoid developing sedentary habits, like watching TV or playing video games every night after dinner. Limit screen time and help your child find fun activities to do instead. They can play on their own or with friends and family.

Be sure your child sees the doctor for a well-child health exam at least once a year. That’s a good time to talk about healthy eating and getting enough activity.

Sources: Preventing Childhood Obesity: 6 Things Families Can Do,  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024; Childhood obesity,  Mayo Clinic, 2022; Top 10 Things You Need to Know About the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025,  Dietary Guidelines for Americans; Child Activity: An Overview,  CDC, 2024; Making Physical Activity a Part of a Child’s Life,  CDC, 2024; Managing Diabetes at School,  CDC, 2024; Helping Your Child Adjust to Diabetes,  KidsHealth.org, 2022

Originally published 7/28/2021; Reviewed 2023, 2024